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       Police and Diversity

 

                                                           

 

Week 1: Multicultural Communities: Challenges for Law Enforcement

• The Future of Diversity and Police Legitimacy: Does Diversity make a Difference 

  Library resource article by David Espiritu, Espiritu, Journal of California Law Enforcement, 2017, Vol.51(3), pp.7-14

Week 2: Multicultural Communities: Challenges for Law Enforcement

• Improving Law Enforcement Cross Cultural Competencies through Continued Education 

  "Journal of Education and Learning
  Annual continued education for law enforcement in critical thinking creates opportunities for improved professional self-regulation, decision-making, problem solving and proper analysis of various plausible outcomes. Annual continued education geared towards interpersonal skills creates opportunities for increased communication, enhanced community rapport, and improved potential for de-escalation of hostile events."

• Improving Policing in a Multiracial Society in the United States: A New Approach 

  *Open access resource
  "Researchers at the University of Illinois a newly implemented "diversity education" program (Policing in a Multiracial Society Project) at the University of Illinois Police Training Institute which is designed to promote fair and equitable policing practice."

Week 3: The Changing Law Enforcement Agency

• Lectures: Part 1 and Part 2

Week 4: Watch the Movie "Crash"

View the movie "Crash". It is not available through the library as a streaming video, but can be checked out of the library as a DVD (Location: DVD-300).

Over a thirty-six hour period in Los Angeles, a handful of disparate people's lives intertwine as they deal with the tense race relations that belie life in the city. 

Week 5: Lecture 3: Parts 1 & 2: Multicultural Representation: Recruitment, Retention, Promotion

• Part 1: Investigating Perceptions of Race and Ethnic Diversity among Prospective Police Officers 

  • This is from the John Jay Library. Access, using JJ login.. Article by Todak, Natalie ; Huff, Jessica ; James, Lois; Police Practice and Research, 03 September 2018, Vol.19(5), pp.490-504

• Part 2:  Attracting Females and Racial/Ethnic Minorities to Law Enforcement 

  • Jordan, William T ; Fridell, Lorie ; Faggiani, Donald ; Kubu, Bruce. Journal of Criminal Justice, 2009, Vol.37(4), pp.333-341. "Using a national survey of law enforcement agencies, this study (1) measured agencies' ability to fill sworn positions, (2) identified the strategies used to attract and hire females and minorities, (3) measured agencies' success in filling sworn positions with females and minorities, and (4) measured through negative binomial regression the impact of agency strategies and agency/jurisdiction characteristics on levels of female and minority applications and hires.

Week 6: Cross Cultural Communication for Law Enforcement

• Lecture 4, Part 1: Cross Cultural Communication for Law Enforcement

  • Cultural Diversity and Cultural Competency for Law Enforcement

    • Retrieved from Police Chief Magazine, 2021.

• Lecture 4, Part 2: Cross Cultural Communication for Law Enforcement

Weeks 7, 8, 9: Review for Midterm, Midterm Exam and Spring Break

Week 10: Law Enforcement Contact with Specific Minority Groups

• Lecture 5:
  • Federal investigations of Police Misconduct: a Multi-city Comparison 
    • *Library licensed resource. "Over the past two decades, high-profile federal investigations have examined the policies and practices of several American police departments where civil rights violations and police misconduct were deemed serious by the Department of Justice. This paper focuses on four recent investigations: Baltimore, Chicago, Ferguson, and New Orleans."
  • Watch PBS Front Line: Policing the Police: June 28, 2016
    • A documentary on police reform and how police departments can be held accountable.

Week 11: Lecture 6, Parts 1 & 2: Multicultural Law Enforcement and Terrorism, Homeland Security

• Ideology and Threat Assessment: Law Enforcement Evaluation of Muslim and Right-Wing Extremism 

  *Open access resource
  "Does ideology affect assessment of the threat of violent extremism? A survey of law enforcement agencies in the United States in 2014 offers a comparison suggesting a small but statistically significant effect: Political attitudes were correlated with assessment of threats posed by Muslim extremists, and threat assessment was not correlated with the number of Muslim Americans who had engaged in violent extremism within the agency’s jurisdiction."

Week 12: Lecture 7, Parts 1 & 2: Hate/Bias Crimes: Victims, Laws, Investigations

• Contemporary Hate Crimes, Law Enforcement, and the Legacy of Racial Violence 

  *Library licensed resource
  King, Ryan D ; Messner, Steven F ; Baller, Robert D; From: American Sociological Review, April 2009, Vol.74(2), pp.291-315
  "This article investigates the association between past lynchings (1882 to 1930) and contemporary law enforcement responses to hate crimes in the United States. 

Week 13: Lecture 8: Parts 1 & 2: Racial Profiling

• Racial Profiling and Use of Force in Police Stops: How Local Events Trigger Periods of Increased Discrimination 

  • *Library licensed resource. "This research reveals a general set of processes where events create intergroup conflict, foreground stereotypes, and trigger discriminatory responses."

•  African Americans and Racial Profiling By U.S. Law Enforcement: An Analysis of Police Traffic Stops and Searches of Motorists in Nebraska, 2002-2007. 

  • Open access resource. "The purposes of this paper are to discuss the history of racial profiling; analyze the courts' positions on the topic; define racial profiling; review related literature on the theme; analyze Nebraska's law enforcement data between 2002 and 2007; draw appropriate conclusion and in the end make policy recommendations.

Week 14: Lecture 9: Community Policing

• Commentary: Community Policing: A Mechanism for Successful Assimilation of Immigrant Cultures into Our Communities 

  *Library licensed resource
  "The article offers a systematic measure for determining the effectiveness of any outreach effort we may undertake within our communities. The article identifies five dimensions of "welcoming" practices: 1. providing in-language resources, 2. community outreach, 3. collaboration, 4. staff training, and 5. enforcement."

• Community-Based Policing 

  *Library licensed resource
  In this video, the author Brian Fitch "discusses policing and how that has become less community centered over time. He describes a recent move towards community-based policing to mend the connection between officers and the community they serve and protect."