OER AT JOHN JAY COLLEGE

OER for CJM 200

Introduction to Research Methods in Criminal Justice Management

 

 

 

Week 1: Consuming Research

• TOPICS/ THEMES

  • Why we use research

  • What types of research do we consume?

  • The role of research in management

  • Characteristics of good research

• Please answer the following question:
  • Why do managers in criminal justice agencies use research?
• REVIEW AND READINGS
  • Good CLASS RESOURCE: Introduction to Research.  Accessed at https://www.soas.ac.uk/cedep-demos/000_P506_RM_3736-Demo/module/pdfs/p506_unit_01.pdf
  • Davis, Gerald F. (2015, May 28). What Is Management Research Actually Good For? Economics and Society, Harvard Business Review. Accessed at https://hbr.org/2015/05/what-is-management-research-actually-good-for
  • Why research? The role of information. Accessed at https://www.soas.ac.uk/cedep-demos/000_P506_RM_3736-Demo/unit1/page_15.htm
  • Why Do We Conduct Research? Access at https://www.reference.com/world-view/conduct-research-c40eaeb3ccdc819c

Week 2: Research Ethics and Choosing a Research Topics

• TOPICS / THEMES
  • Research Ethics
    • Ethics in Research
    • History
    • Institutional Review Board
    • Informed consent, etc.
  • Choosing a Research Topic
    • Topic selection
    • Sources of research
    • Techniques for Selecting Research Topics
• REVIEW AND READINGS
  • Matthias Havenaar (2018). How to select a brilliant research topic.  Accessed at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328043130     

• TASKS AND ASSIGNMENTS

• Research Ethics
  • What are the key principles of ethical research?
  • Why do we focus on ethics in research?
• Choosing a Research Topic
  • Work in groups
  • Select a research topic
• Research Ethics
  • REVIEW AND READINGS
    • What Is Ethics in Research & Why Is It Important? Accessed at: https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/bioethics/whatis/index.cfm    
    • Five principles for research ethics:
      • Cover your bases with these ethical strategies. By DEBORAH SMITH (2003, Jan.) Vol 34, No. 1: 56. Accessed at https://www.apa.org/monitor/jan03/principles
    • Guiding Principles for Ethical Research
      • Pursuing Potential Research Participants Protections. Accessed at https://www.nih.gov/health-information/nih-clinical-research-trials-you/guiding-principles-ethical-research
      • UC Davis: History of Research Abuses. Accessed at https://research.ucdavis.edu/wp-content/uploads/CIRTification-Curriculum.pdf
      • Consortium of Independent Review Boards (n.d.). Ethical Human Subject Research, History and Principles. Accessed at https://www.solutionsirb.com/ethical-human-subject-research-history-and-principles/
      • Moon Margaret R. (2009). The History and Role of Institutional Review Boards: A Useful Tension virtual Mentor. 2009;11(4):311-316. doi: 10.1001/virtualmentor.2009.11.4.pfor1-0904. Accessed at https://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/article/history-and-role-institutional-review-boards-useful-tension/2009-04
      • Human Research Protection Program at John Jay College of Criminal Justice.  Accessed at https://jjay.cuny.edu/human-research-protection-program-formerly-irb

Week 3: Planning the Project

• TOPICS AND THEMES

  • What is the project you want to do?

  • Narrowing your research interest?

• TASK AND ASSIGNMENTS

  • Discuss and present topic

  • Review the news reports on the topic

  • Review the academic literature on the topic.

    • Is there enough literature on the topic?

  • What questions remain unanswered?

• REVIEW AND READING

  • Narrowing a topic and Developing a research question.

    • Accessed at https://libraries.indiana.edu/sites/default/files/
      Develop_a_Research_Question.pdf

Week 4: Planning the Project: Research Questions and Hypotheses

• TOPICS AND THEMES

  • Developing research questions

  • Developing hypotheses

  • Types of hypotheses

• TASKS AND ASSIGNMENTS

  • What is/are the research questions guiding your research?

  • What is your hypothesis/hypotheses?

• REVIEW AND READINGS

  • Difference Between Hypothesis and Research Question.

    • Accessed at https://pediaa.com/difference-between-hypothesis-and-research-question/

  • Research Questions and Hypotheses.

    • Accessed at https://www.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-binaries/22782_Chapter_7.pdf

Week 5: Planning the Project: Constructs and Variables

• TASKS AND ASSIGNMENTS
  • What is/are the research questions guiding your research?

  • What is your hypothesis/hypotheses?

• REVIEW AND READINGS

  • Difference Between Hypothesis and Research Question.

    • Accessed at https://pediaa.com/difference-between-hypothesis-and-research-question/

  • Research Questions and Hypotheses.

    • Accessed at https://www.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-binaries/22782_Chapter_7.pdf

• TOPICS AND THEMES

  • Constructs
  • Operationalizing Constructs
  • Variables
  • Types of Variables

• TASKS AND ASSIGNMENTS
  • Main research construct(s)?
  • Operationalize the constructs.
  • What are your independent and dependent variables?

• REVIEW AND READINGS

  • Operationalization:

    • YouTube Video: https://youtu.be/d3YpPhEC7og

    • YouTube Video: https://youtu.be/36UZ9rKSa90

  • Types of Variables: 

    • YouTube Video: https://youtu.be/36UZ9rKSa90

    • Research Prospect: Types of Variable: 

      • https://www.researchprospect.com/types-of-variables/

• Take the Quiz:  https://statistics-made-easy.com/types-of-variables-in-statistics/

Week 6: Literature Review and Refining Questions and Hypotheses

• TOPICS AND THEMES

  • Researching and writing a literature review

  • Systematic reviews of literature

  • Reading critically

  • Analyzing studies

  • Ethical considerations

  • Refining hypotheses and research questions

• TASKS AND ASSIGNMENTS

  • Work in groups. 

    • Develop a 5-question survey to be administered among John Jay students

• REVIEW AND READINGS

  • Writing a Literature Review.

    • Accessed at: https://writingcenter.ashford.edu/writing-literature-review

  • McCombes. Shona (2020). Date updated: June 25, 2020 How to write a Literature Review

    • Accessed at" https://www.scribbr.com/dissertation/literature-review/

  • Developing Hypotheses and Research Questions.

    • Accessed at: https://www.public.asu.edu/~kroel/www500/hypothesis.pdf

Week 7: Key Methods in Management Research

• TOPICS AND THEMES

  • Quantitative Designs

  • Qualitative Designs

  • Mixed Designs

  • Implicit Bias in Research

• TASKS AND ASSIGNMENTS
  • Quantitative Designs

    • Go to the Google Scholar online.

      • Search ‘Criminal Justice Management’. 

        • Choose one quantitative research paper and evaluate and discuss the research methods used.

        • In your opinion, what are the strengths and weaknesses of the methodology or methods used in relation to the findings.

  • Qualitative Designs

    • Go to the Google Scholar online.

    • Search ‘Criminal Justice Management’. 

      • Choose one qualitative research paper and evaluate and discuss the research methods used.

      • In your opinion, what are the strengths and weaknesses of the methodology or methods used in relation to the findings.

  • Mixed Designs

    • Go to the Google Scholar online.

    • Search ‘Criminal Justice Management’. 

      • Choose one mixed methods research paper and evaluate and discuss the research methods used.

      • In your opinion, what are the strengths and weaknesses of the methodology or methods used in relation to the findings.

• REVIEW AND READINGS
  • Quantitative Designs

    • DeFranzo, Susan E. (2012, June 29) The 4 Main Reasons to Conduct Surveys.

      • Accessed at https://www.snapsurveys.com/blog/4-main-reasons-conduct-surveys/

    • Quantitative Research Methods.

      • Accessed at https://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/quantitative

  • Qualitative Designs

    • Qualitative Research Design: A Conceptual Framework. International Journal of Social Science & Interdisciplinary Research ISSN 2277- 3630. IJSSIR, Vol.2 (1), January (2013).

      • Accessed at https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/baa7/
        c8f5577b0b1798b5e9f559f5cbae32bf1a36.pdf

    • Qualitative Research Design.

      • Accessed at: https://youtu.be/gESfZGSd2t8

    • Qualitative Research Design.

      • Accessed at: https://researchrundowns.com/qual/qualitative-research-design/

  • Mixed Designs

    • Mixed Methods Research

      • Accessed at:  https://obssr.od.nih.gov/research-resources/mixed-methods-research

    • Mixed Methods Research Designs

      • Accessed at https://youtu.be/h5FskNgkgvo

    • Mixed Methods Design:

      • Accessed at: https://youtu.be/yc--5XwQ5b0

    • Mixed Methods Research Design.

      • Accessed at: https://researchrundowns.com/mixed/mixed-methods-research-designs/

Week 8: Errors, Reliability, Validity and Data Collection Analysis

• TOPICS AND THEMES

  • Errors, Reliability, Validity

    • Measurement errors

    • Reliability

    • Validity

  • Data Collection and Analysis

    • Data Collection

      • Ethical Considerations

    • Data Analysis

      • Ethical Considerations

• REVIEW AND READINGS
  • Errors, Reliability, Validity

    • Measurement Error:

      • Accessed at: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-statistics/chapter/measurement-error/

    • Reliability and Validity.

      • Accessed at http://media.acc.qcc.cuny.edu/faculty/volchok/
        Measurement_Volchok/Measurement_Volchok6.html

    • Reliability and validity in Research.

      • Accessed at https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/reliability-vs-validity/

 

• Data Collection and Analysis

• A step-by-step guide to data collection by Pritha Bhandari (2020 July 3).

  • Accessed at https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/data-collection/

• Qualitative Research.

  • Accessed at https://getthematic.com/insights/coding-qualitative-data/

• Quantitative data analysis.

  • Accessed at https://research-methodology.net/research-methods/data-analysis/quantitative-data-analysis/

Week 9: Data Collection and Analysis

• TOPICS & THEMES

  • Results and Data presentation

    • Ethical Considerations

  • Presenting your research

    • Ethical Considerations

• TASKS & ASSIGNMENTS

  • Briefly describe your findings- no more than 2 pages double spaced.

  • How did you decide what to include in your presentation?

  • What should you look for in a presentation directed at you (the client)?

• REVIEW AND READINGS

  • 10 Tips for Presenting Data.

    • Accessed at https://resources.observepoint.com/blog/10-tips-for-presenting-data​​​​

  • Presenting your research effectively. Best practices for building presentations and displaying data by Richard Chambers.

    • Accessed at https://www.apa.org/science/about/psa/2014/02/presenting

  • How To Present Research Data? By Tong Seng Fah and Aznida Firzah Abdul Aziz.

    • Accessed at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4453119/

  • Presenting Data People Can’t Ignore: How to Communicate Effectively Using Data.

    • Accessed at https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/53/Presenting_Data_
      People_Wont_Ignore_Ebook.pdf?t=1541003041638

WEEK 10-15: WRITING A RESEARCH PROPOSAL

• Write a detailed research proposal

  • 7-10 pages, double spaced

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OTHER RESOURCES

• Nicholas Walliman (2017). Research Methods: The Basics. Paperback. Routledge

• Geoff Lancaster (2005). Research Methods in Management: A concise introduction to research in management and business consultancy. ISBN 13:9780080494289

• Video clips – Introduction to Research Methods: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDjS20kic54

• Quantitative v. Qualitative Research: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ousHtSQAqjA

• Video clip- qualitative research methods: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IsAUNs-IoSQ

• Conducting Qualitative Research: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z4YIrykEL8M

• Guide to Online research: https://www.bestcolleges.com/resources/undergraduate-online-research-guide/

DATA SETS

• Bureau of Justice Statistics: https://www.bjs.gov/rawdata.cfm

• Criminal Justice Statistics: https://csus.libguides.com/c.php?g=768162&p=5510419

• Criminal Justice Statistics and Data Sets: https://guides.libraries.uc.edu/c.php?g=222253&p=1471273

• Criminal Justice Data Set ProPublica: https://www.propublica.org/datastore/datasets/criminal-justice

• DOJ Open Data: https://www.justice.gov/open/open-data

• Check with the JJC librarian